Euphorbia tirucalli – African Milkbush with Striking Pencil-Like Stems


Euphorbia tirucalli, also called African milkbush or pencil cactus, is a dramatic succulent shrub that swaps broad leaves for dense clusters of bright green, pencil-thin stems. Over time, these cylindrical branches create bold, sculptural shapes indoors. With enough light, the tips may flush orange to red, giving the plant a fiery accent that makes it stand out in any collection. Minimalist, resilient, and architectural, this Euphorbia is a favourite for growers who want something eye-catching yet low-maintenance.
 
● What Makes Euphorbia tirucalli Special


Distinct form: Smooth, upright, cylindrical stems instead of leafy growth
Colour shifts: Fresh green stems with orange-red tips under strong sun
Vertical presence: Space-saving habit ideal for modern interiors
Longevity: Can live for decades indoors with basic care
Indoor height: Up to 1.5 – 2 m in large pots; much taller in the wild
 
● Native Range and Background


This species comes from the semi-arid savannas and rocky hillsides of tropical Africa, where it thrives in poor soils, high heat, and minimal rainfall. Its stems store water, and the plant drops leaves quickly to conserve energy during drought. Outdoors it can form vast shrubs, but indoors growth is slower and more contained.
Toxicity: The latex sap is extremely irritating to skin and eyes and poisonous if ingested. Handle with gloves and keep away from pets and children. CITES: Listed under Appendix II (2024) – international trade is regulated. Always source from certified growers.
 
● Care Indoors


Light: Requires strong sun or grow lights; south-facing exposure preferred
Water: Deep soak, then allow soil to dry completely; overwatering quickly causes rot
Temperature: Best between 18 – 30 °C; avoid drops below 15 °C
Soil: Gritty, mineral-rich cactus mix for fast drainage
Potting: Terracotta containers provide stability and promote airflow
Feeding: Diluted cactus fertiliser once a month during active growth
Repotting: Every 2 – 3 years, or when rootbound; plant prefers snug pots
Propagation: Take stem cuttings, allow to callus for several days, then root in dry mix. Protect skin from sap.
 
● Typical Issues and Solutions


Root rot: Nearly always caused by excess moisture – reduce watering and improve drainage
Shrivelling stems: Often a sign of underwatering or inadequate light – adjust care promptly
Pests: Mealybugs or spider mites may appear; treat with neem oil or insecticidal soap
Sap contact: Can cause severe skin or eye irritation; wash immediately with soap and water
 
● Notes of Interest


In Africa, Euphorbia tirucalli has been used as natural fencing, fuelwood, and historically as a latex source. However, its caustic sap makes it unsafe for medicinal use. In some tropical regions it behaves invasively, so dispose of cuttings responsibly.
 
● Etymology


The genus Euphorbia commemorates Euphorbus, physician to King Juba II of Numidia. The species epithet tirucalli derives from a local African name. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum (1753).
 
● FAQs


Why doesn’t it bloom indoors? Flowers are tiny and require full outdoor sun; grown indoors for stems, not flowers.
Can it survive low light? No, poor light causes weak, stretched growth – full sun is essential.
What precautions are needed when pruning? Always use gloves and eye protection; latex sap can burn skin and damage eyes.
 
● Bring Home Euphorbia tirucalli


Add sculptural, drought-proof elegance to your collection with the African milkbush. Bold, long-lived, and low-maintenance, this Euphorbia thrives on sunlight and simplicity. Order now from certified sources for a safe, sustainable addition to your home or greenhouse.